Testing apparatus.



Pl. H.V STILLMAN.

TESTING APPARATUS.A ,APPLIuATIoN HLBD Mn 10 1907.r

Patented Jan. 5, 1909.

2 SHEETS--SBEBT 1.

.. wAsHmcwN, n. c.

P. H. STILLMAN.

TESTING APPARATUS. APPLIGATION FILED MAY io, 1907.

908,623. Patented Jan.5,1909.

z SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WMM/WA wit/wams f f mvg/whoa @WMM www flzliza/z 7901@ MMM/w 1 MamasPETERS cn., wAsHmaraN. n c.

lil

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANCIS H. STILLMAN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR 'IO THEWATSON-STILLMAN COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

TESTING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J'an. 5, 1909.

Application led May 10, 1907. Serial No. 372,871.

New York, have invented certain new andv useful Improvements in TestingApparatus, of which the following is a specication.

The object of my invention is to provide improved means for testing thehardness, strength etc. of steel, iron and other materials by causing animpression to be made in such material by a hardened ball, or the like,whereby from the pressure exerted and the dimensions of the impressionmade in the material the degree of hardness etc. thereof may becalculated from a suitable table adapted for the purpose.

My invention comprises a suitable frame provided with a support for thearticle to be tested, means for balancing such support with itssuper-imposed article, means for opposing the hardened ball or the likeagainst said article, means for pressing said article against said ball,and means for indicating the pressure exerted against said article.

The invention also comprises the novel details of improvement andcombinations of parts which will be more fully hereinafter set forth andthen pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming part hereof,wherein,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a testing apparatus embodying myinvention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof, partly in section; Fig. 3is a detail side view of the lower portion of the apparatus; Fig. 4 is asection on the line 4, i in Fig. 3, looking in the direction of thearrows; Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail view of the ball carrier; Fig. 6 isan end view thereof; Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail sectional view of partof the support for the article to be tested; Fig. S is a centralsectional view of said support; Fig. 9 is a plan view of the cylinder orchamber for said support; Fig. 10 is a side view thereof, partly insection on the line 10, 10 in Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is an enlarged detailsection on said line, showing the valve for controlling the charging ofsaid chamber or cylinder with liquid, and Fig. l2 is a detail view ofthe links.

I'limilar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in theseveral views.

In the drawings, the numeral 1 indicates a suitable frame shown providedwith a base 1al whichmay be mounted upon any support desired, and saidframe is shown provided with a hub 1b carrying a screw 2 meshing insuitable threads in said hub and provided with a crank handle or wheel3. At its lower end the screw 2 carries a ball or suitable impressingmember ei, which may be made of hardened steel, which ball is shown setin a recess 5a, of shape similar to the ball, located in the lower endof a head 5 carried by said screw 2. Said head is shown provided with astem 5b to enter a corresponding socket in the lower end of screw 2 andadapted to be detachably held therein, as by a screw 6 which may enter asuitable recess 5C in stem 5b, see Figs. 2 and 5.

Beneath screw 2 and its ball 4L is located a support- 7, shown in theform of a piston or plunger fitted to slide in a chamber or cylinder Smounted securely upon base 9 of frame 1. rFhe base 9 has a bore 9areceiving the recessed or hollow guide or stem 7a of support or plunger7 that depends below the latter, the bore Tb of guide 7a being shownprovided with ports 7C that communicate with the space 10, beneathsupport or plunger 7 within chamber or cylinder 8 and above base 9,which constitutes a liquid pressure-chainber for raising support orplunger T by hydraulic pressure. A screw a carried by guide or stem 7aand entering a groove in the base keeps plunger 7 from rot-ating. Thesupport 7 is shown provided with an upward extension 11 to which ispivotally connected a balance beam or arm 12, shown provided with anadjustable weight x. The short arm 12LL of beam 12 is shown passingthrough a slot 11L in upright 11 and pivotally connected with saidupright by links 13 (Fig. 2), connected with support 11 by knife-edgepivot 14- passing through support 11 and through apertures 13 in links13, and said links are connected with arm 12at by knifeedge pivot 15carried by arm 12l and passing through openings 13b in links 13, wherebyto reduce friction at the pivotal points of said parts. Two links 13 areshown side by side, connected together by a shoulder-pin 16, betweenwhich links the arm 12a extends for balancing said parts (see Fig. 12).The beam or arm 12 is also shown provided with knife-edge pivot 17supported upon suitable bearings 18, carried by a cross bar 19 shownsecured upon the edge of chamber S, as by screws 20. Upon the top ofsupport 11 is a cap or plate 21, shown provided with a downwardextension 212L fitting within the bore of support ll to keep said blockcentered. Thile the article to be tested may rest directly upon plate2l, I preferably place on said plate a block 22 having a curved orrounded under surface 22L bearing upon cap or plate 2l, whereby block 22may rock to allow for variations in shape of articles to be placedthereon for testing, and to permit such articles to properly alinebeneath and in contact with ball 4.

At 23 is a pressure chamber shown formed within the base portion offrame l, eXtend ing horizontally, and communicating at one end with thebore 9a, and within said chamber is located a liner or cylinder 24 shownprovided with a flange 24EL fastened to frame l, as by screws 25. Theliner or cylinder 24 is properly bored to receive a plunger or piston 25that is shown provided with internal threads 26 receivinga screw 27,journaled at its bearing portion 27a in head 24a, and having a flange27b within said head and a hand-wheel or crank 28 without said head,whereby said screws may rotate without advancing to cause plunger 25 totravel back and forth in liner or cylinder 24. A screw c carried bycylinder 24 and entering a groove (l in piston 25 keeps the piston fromrotating. The plunger 25 at its inner end may have suitable packing 29held in place in any suitable manner, as by sleeve 30 and set screw 31.Chamber 23 has an outlet 32 connected by a pipe 33 with a pressureindicator or gage 34.

The means I have shown for charging fluid into space l0 and chamber 23comprise a vertically disposed channel in the wall of chamber 3 andprovided with ports 35% 35b leading into said chamber, and at 36 is avalve or stem adapted to close port 35a and shown provided with screwthreads 36a meshing in threads in hub 8fL and having a crank handle 37.A plug 38 closes channel 35 at its top. By pouring oil or other suitablefluid into chamber 8 on top of plunger 7 and. opening the valve 36 saidfluid will flow through port 35a into channel 35 and thence through port35b into space 10 and chamber 23 and into liner or cylinder 24 whenplunger or piston 25 is drawn back.

In using my improvements the plunger or piston' 25 is withdrawn into itscylinder 24, the article to be tested is placed upon block 22 or plate21 and balanced by means of arm l2 and weight and chambers 10 and 23,bore 7b and cylinder 24 are charged full of suitable liquid, such asoil, by opening valve 36 and allowing the liquid to flow through passage35 and port 35b until the liquid fully engages the under surface ofplunger 7, and then valve 3G is closed. Screw 2 is rotated to bring ball4 into contact with the article to be tested and then screw 27 isrotated to cause plunger 25 to force the liquid against plunger 7 topush the article to be tested forcibly against ball 4 the amount ofpressure thus produced by the article against ball 4 thereby beingindicated on gage 34 by reason of flow of fluid from chamber 23 throughpipe 33 to said gage. The pressure of the article being tested againstball 4 will cause the ball to make an impression in such article, andthen by dividing the amount of said pressure by the area of theimpression made in the article the quotient found may be compared with asuitable table or standard adopted with respect to the size of the ballbeing used, which will indicate the de'- gree of hardness, strength, orother data required respecting such article.

My invention is not limited to the details of construction andarrangements of parts shown and described as they may be varied withinthe scope of the appended claims without departing from the spiritthereof.

Having now described my invention what I claim is:

l. A testing apparatus comprising an arm provided with a screw, ahardened impressing member carried by said screw, a plunger opposed tosaid member, means for forcing said plunger toward said member, andmeans for indicating the pressure employed in operating said plunger.

2. A testing apparatus comprisinga frame I provided with a verticallydisposed screw, a hardened impressing member carried by and beneath saidscrew, an upwardly disposed plunger beneath said member, means forforcing said plunger upwardly toward said member, and means forindicating the pressure employed in operating said plunger.

A testing apparatus comprising a frame provided with a verticallydisposed screw, a head detachably carried atthe lower end of said screw,a hardened ball carried at the lower end of said head, a plunger guidedto move vertically beneath said ball, means for forcing said plungerupwardly toward said ball, and means for indicating the pressureemployed in operating said plunger. l

4. A test-ing apparatus comprising a frame, an impressing memberadjustably carried thereby, a chamber opposed to said member, a plungerhaving a guide depending into a bore in the base of the frame beneathsaid chamber, said guide having a bore provided with ports communicatingwith said chamber, a cylinder and piston communicating with said bore,means for operating said piston, and means for indicating the pressureemployed in operating said plunger.

5. A testing apparatus comprising a frame, an impressing member carriedthereby, a chamber opposed to said member and provided with a passagehaving a port, a valve to control said port, a plunger within saidchamber, said port communicating with said chamber beneath said plunger,a cylinder and piston communicating With said cham ber, means foroperating said piston, and an indicator in communication with saidchamber for indicating the pressure employed in operating said plunger.

6. A testing apparatus comprising a frame provided with an impressingmember, a chamber opposed to said member and provided With a passagehaving ports, a valve to control one of said ports, a plunger Withinsaid chamber and normally disposed 1 between said ports, wherebyl fluidplaced upon said plunger may flow through said ports and pass to thechamber beneath the i5 pressure employed in operating said plunger. 2e-

FRANCIS H. STILLMAN. Witnesses:

GEO. D. GILLAN, JAS. W. HARGAN.

